Bradford & Bingley nationalisation; how it affects you

by MoneyDoctor Monday 29 September, 2008

bradford-bingley-$4001516$180 It was nearly bye bye to Bradford & Bingley

With all the world’s banks looking a bit nervous, the UK's biggest buy-to-let mortgage lender has become the latest victim of the deepening financial crisis.

Banco Santander (owners of Abbey) agreed to pay £400 million in order to take control of £21 billion of deposits and 200 branches. B&B’s savers will be transferred to Abbey and B&B’s £50 billion of mortgages and loans will then be taken over by the Government, using the same powers employed to seize control of Northern Rock. Shares in the firm have also been suspended.

The Government decided it was no longer a viable bank, after the recent collapse in its share price, and a developing run on its funds by savers.

So, with all the upheaval in the banking world over the last few days, we examine how affects you.

  • Is the B&B insolvent? 

Actually no!

Which is odd when you consider all the fuss about the bank's future, and now its nationalisation. 

Its assets still appear to be higher than its debts. But the lack of confidence in the B&B's ability to keep going was on the verge of becoming reality.

Banks rely absolutely on public and investor confidence to operate, because if all of us asked for our money back all at once, they would all be up the river without a paddle!

Then a bank would not have enough money to meet the demand as they lend a lot of it out and cannot recall it instantly.

  • Why did B&B get into trouble?

It has been hit hard because it was badly exposed to the plummeting buy to let mortgage market. Its shares have plunged more than 93% over the past year amid fears that its buy-to-let and self-certified mortgages sector will generate huge losses in the midst of falling house prices and the credit crunch.

  • Are any other banks in similar trouble?

Unless you have been living as a hermit in the Nullabor Plain, you probably know that the entire banking system is still in trouble!

But it appears, so far, that there are no other UK banks quite in the position that the Bradford & Bingley, and the Northern Rock, found themselves.

Even so, we can’t be sure what may be lurking in the financial undergrowth…probably something creepy and crawly.

  • Quite a few banks have disappeared, haven't they?

Yes indeedy!

The past year has seen the Northern Rock, B&B, Alliance & Leicester and Halifax Bank Of Scotland lose their independence.

So what? Well, if you add in the smaller mortgage lenders who specialised in lending via mortgage brokers only, more than 40% of the mortgage lending capacity of the UK financial services industry that existed in 2007 has either evaporated or been swallowed up by rivals.

That is a big reduction in competition and means less choice and more expensive deals for most of us.

  • Will my savings be safe?

If you are one of B&B’s 2.5 million savers, you might feel happier that the bank stressed that your cash is secure as deposits of up to £35,000 are covered by the Financial Services Compensation Scheme.

Any savings above this amount are not protected. However, if the government takes over the bank, it is most likely to guarantee deposits as it did with Northern Rock.

FSCS is the UK's statutory fund of last resort if you are a customer of a financial services firms. This means that FSCS can pay compensation to you if a financial services firm is unable, or likely to be unable, to pay claims against it. This scheme used to cover just 80% of the first £35,000 but it was changed to 100% after the collapse of Northern Rock.

  • What should I do if I have more than £35,000 in savings at B&B?

Many financial experts believe it is wise to spread your savings with a number of different firms in order to ensure that you are fully protected by the FSCS guarantee. This would mean spreading your savings around so you have no more than £35,000 in any one bank or building society.

Some experts now believe Northern Rock is the safest place to keep your money as it cannot go bust because it is backed by the Treasury.

  • What happens if I have a joint account?

Each individual is entitled to the benefit of the £35,000 so for example, two people holding a joint account will have the first £70,000 of their savings protected.

However, if one of the account holders has a separate current account with B&B then it gets tricky.

Let's say Mr Smith has £20,000 in his current account, and also has a joint savings account with Mrs Smith with £40,000 in it. In the event of a failure, the FSCS will split the £40,000, giving £20,000 compensation to each partner. But it will only then compensate £15,000 of the £20,000 in Mr Smith's current account, as he has already enjoyed £20,000 of his £35,000 compensation limit.

  • What will happen to my B&B mortgage?

Sadly, this is not a once in a lifetime opportunity for you to escape your debts!

If you have a mortgage or loan with the B&B you still owe the money and you must continue to make your regular repayments.  But you are now paying to a bank owned by the government, not a bank owned by shareholders.

Several experts believe that if the government takes over B&B, interest rates are likely to rise. Chris Cummings at the Association of Mortgage Intermediaries said:

“The Treasury will be under a lot of pressure to shrink the mortgage books as soon as possible. Therefore, B&B will push up mortgage rates in order to encourage people to remortgage with other lenders but other lenders have no appetite for lending so people will have nowhere to go and will end up having to pay higher interest rates."

Fool.co.uk responded to the takeover of Bradford & Bingley by saying that the Chancellor Alistair Darling must reassure savers at building societies and foreign-owned banks too.

David Kuo, Head of Personal Finance at money website Fool.co.uk, says:

“It is encouraging that the UK government has learnt from past mistakes. Its timely intervention at Bradford & Bingley has averted another potentially embarrassing run on a British bank.

However, questions have to asked as to whether correspondingly swift actions would be possible if a troubled financial institution was neither British nor a bank.

We therefore urge the UK Government to give similar assurances to customers at foreign-owned deposit-taking companies and also to savers at any one of the UK’s 59 building societies.

In these difficult times, consumers need to be confident that their investments are safe, regardless of whether their money is deposited in a UK bank, a foreign-owned bank or a building society”.

So are you a Bradford & Bingley customer? How has the nationalisation left you feeling?

Are you worried about what will happen to your money?

Let us know in the comments below.

Categories for this post: Banking | Debt | Investment | Loans | Mortgages

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Comments

Alistair says:

Tuesday 30 September, 2008 / 11:12

I HAVE WINDFALL SHARES IN B&B WHAT HAPPENS TO THEM?

Dominic Peacock says:

Tuesday 30 September, 2008 / 12:24

What will happen to all the Mortgage Express Buy to Let Mortgage Holders will Mortgage express continue. If the Buy to let mortgage book is actively closed by uncompetitive rates it will probably cause a large number of buy to let properties being off loaded onto the Housing Market.

C Burt says:

Tuesday 30 September, 2008 / 18:07

I have a Mortgage Express self-cert mortgage. What will happen to my mortgage now?

G THOMSON says:

Tuesday 30 September, 2008 / 20:19

yes! have windfall and purchased recent shares at a cheap rate even though they were in trouble.. what happens? just wait for a few years?

Vanessa says:

Tuesday 30 September, 2008 / 22:56

waiting for reply to Alistairs question as I am in same position.

Matt says:

Wednesday 01 October, 2008 / 00:39

Similar situation to Alistair, Vanessa and G Thomson.

Surely there is a legal context here? As this website says, B&B weren't actually insolvent and their assets were worth more than their debts. Technically they weren't Bankrupt, despite a low share price and there is nothing to say that they wouldn't have recovered, however improbable that might seem.

I could understand the situation if B&B had actually gone Bankrupt and the Government had stepped in to pick up the pieces. That's a fair cop and it's the chance you take when you play the stock market. However, this is not what has happened in this case.

The point is that at the close of the LSE on Friday, my shares were still worth a significant amount of money, although overall they were worth less than what I had originally paid for them. So, how do I get compensated for the money I have lost over the weekend, when I had no opportunity to trade my shares and recover my losses?

In effect, the Government has taken shares off me which were worth a considerable some of money on Friday and not paid me the market value for them. They are now in the process of selling them off to someone else and are still not paying me for them. Isn't this theft?

I can't help but feel that the decisions over the weekend were more politically driven than financial.

Mark @ Money Hospital says:

Wednesday 01 October, 2008 / 16:44

Guys,

"As required under the terms of the Banking (Special Provisions) Act 2008, the Government will lay a compensation order detailing the arrangements for compensating shareholders and any others whose rights may have been affected by the transfer. We are currently unable to provide any further guidance".

rubicon says:

Wednesday 01 October, 2008 / 16:57

This is the best situation you can hope for, surely? The shares had fallen more than 96% this year, and it could hardly fund its activities any longer, meaning it looked a cert to fail altogether. Short of a Lloyds/HBOS style deal, which I assume was not on the cards, if the Govt hadn't intervened the shares would have turned to dust anyway.

beingsalt says:

Wednesday 01 October, 2008 / 16:58

The one I feel sorry for is the lady in the green jacket and bowler hat. She's the first one out of a job ;)

Matt says:

Wednesday 01 October, 2008 / 21:30

"This is the best situation you can hope for, surely? The shares had fallen more than 96% this year, and it could hardly fund its activities any longer, meaning it looked a cert to fail altogether. Short of a Lloyds/HBOS style deal, which I assume was not on the cards, if the Govt hadn't intervened the shares would have turned to dust anyway."

Rubicon

That's just pure speculation and a matter of opinion. Decisions should be based on facts, not guess work, which is why we are all in this crazy situation in the first place.

The facts are that B&B was not insolvent and its assets were worth more than its debts. Added to the fact that it was one of most capitalised banks on the high street, due to the £400m rights issue only a couple of months ago. What the Government could have done, rather than Nationalise the Bank, is simply buy off its bad debt, just as the Japanese Government did back in 2002. That way, everyone would have been a winner, including the shareholders. In any given scenario of this sort, the taxpayer will always loose out but had the British Government followed the Japanese model, then their loss would have been minimised.

Despite all the speculation, B&B were solvent and their shares worth 20p each. For me personally, that was still a substantial sum of money. Had I known during Friday, what was going to happen at the weekend, then I would have at least had the opportunity to sell them and recover my losses but I was not afforded that opportunity. Not because B&B had gone Bankrupt but because the Government didn't want any more adverse front page publicity, like Northern Rock.

It was theft pure and simple.

Rubicon says:

Thursday 02 October, 2008 / 12:23

I take your point about recent capitalisation due the rights issue. And people who took that up are going to be disappointed, certainly.

But when you mention asset balance, the issue wasn't about how much was on the balance sheet, but how quickly those assets were turning bad. Quote Jonathan Pierce, analyst at Credit Suisse:
We doubt any major bank will want exposure to a £40bn mortgage portfolio with arrears almost double the industry, and where over 40% of loans will be in negative equity if house prices fall 30% peak-to-trough, on our estimates

You think the taxpayer should just buy the bad bits while the shareholder keeps the good bits? Can't agree with you there. The sale to Santander will at least put something back in the Treasury to pay for your compensation. Which is why you're a bit underhand in calling it "theft" - you're going to be compensated, after all.

The only shareholders I do feel sympathy for are the 17,000 who voted to keep B&B mutual back in 2000. The majority, who wanted to profit from windfall shares, are no better off now than then.

Matt says:

Thursday 02 October, 2008 / 22:00

There's no point trying to exchange views based on quotes from so called market experts, because there are as many views on either side and we could keep going that ad infinitum. Just check out some of the following websites:

business.timesonline.co.uk/.../article4856317.ece
www.financemarkets.co.uk/.../

www.yorkshirepost.co.uk/.../...d-shares.4544786.jp

www.myfinances.co.uk/.../bradford-bingley-shareholders-to-be-left-with-nothing-$1242705.htm
www.citywire.co.uk/.../content.aspx?ID=315646

Even in the quote you use to support your arguement, the words "if" and "our estimates" are used. Which was entirely my point. If every Bank is just nationalised by the Government on the whim of speculation, the whole concept of share ownership is flawed, therefore, so is a Free Market Economy.

With regard your statement on the Taxpayer, as I said, the Taxpayer gets the bad bits which ever scenrio is adopted. You think the Taxpayer will get any of the Santander sale? Not bloody likely and certainly not the shareholders. Northern Rock shareholders are still fighting for theirs and most agree that if/when it comes, it will be next to worthless. Likewise the B&B shareholders.

I think the term 'theft' is actually a polite way of putting it. Presumably, you'd be quite happy if a Government official just turned up without warning, drove away in your car without paying you for it, on the speculation that it might fail it's next MOT, sold it on to a dealer for a lot less than it was actually worth so that they could get it through the MOT and then many years later, after lots of legal wrangling, handed you a few paltry quid for your trouble.

The situation with B&B is no different. It was legally owned by the shareholders and they should have been consulted and agreed with, before any action was taken. The Government & the FSA have known about B&B's situation for ages and quite happily let a rights issue take place only a few months ago. Yet not once have the shareholders been consulted in the process.

Rubicon says:

Saturday 04 October, 2008 / 01:58

Good points, good rebuttal. Thanks for the alternative quotes. There's definitely no one expert view. Btw, didn't realise how long it is estimated to take for compensation to be decided upon. How do you know it will be as paltry as you suspect? Is there any precendent?

I don't think that every bank should just be nationalised on the whim of speculation, no. However, you appear to be focusing all your ire on the Government, complaining of lack of consultation with shareholders -- whereas as far as I can see, it's B&B management that has let you down. We're discussing a company that:

* started a rights issue at 82p, then without warning sold a huge 23% stake to Texas Pacific Group at a cut price of 55p (not much consultation with shareholders there);

* throughout the crisis, conspicuously failed to read the writing on the wall. They not only bet wrong on B2L mortgages, but on top of that agreed to acquire a few billion of the most toxic mortgages lent out by fly-by-nights such as Kensington and GMAC, worsening an already high default rate. This makes the optimism for a recovery look tenuous when you consider that nearly everybody expects funding conditions to get tougher and defaults (aggravated by unsecured debts and inflation) to get worse.

I don't know as much about this as you do, particularly the Japanese example. But I would suggest your beef is primarily with B&B management rather than the government.

Matt says:

Saturday 04 October, 2008 / 10:49

Well I suppose it depends on your definition of paltry. However, if the Northern Rock experience is anything to go by then B&B shareholders are unlikely to see anything more than 5p a share, if that and only after years of legal wrangling headaches. My point being that the shares were worth 20p each at the moment of nationalisation and whilst I personally accept the risks associated with share ownership and would therefore be content with a 20p a share compensation, I don't think other shareholders will feel the same. I'm sure they'd argue, that whilst 20p represented a low point in the B&B share price, longer term they could have recovered significantly, particularly if the Government had gone for a very different rescue package, but now we will never know will we!

Your points about the poor B&B management decisions are very valid and are, like many other Banks, the key reasons why we are in this mess in the first place. However, please remember that it is the shareholders who approve the election of B&B Board Members through a democratic process at the AGMs etc. You actually get a vote and a say so in who runs the company. Consequently, there had already been Board member changes in recent months as a result of the issue you raise, so I'm sure that a vote of no confidence would have been forthcoming if serious improvements were not evident over the coming months.

However, what the Government did with the support of the FSA, descends to new depths of corruption. There was absolutely nothing about it that was democratic, quite the opposite.

Interesting to note this week, that we are already seeing Governments' accepting the inevitable and making more funds available to the banking system, to cover bad debts. The alternative is too horrific to contemplate, unless you like queuing up at soup kitchens.

Bit too late for B&B though. If only the Government had waited another week to two. But I guess they new nothing about the imminent rescue packages, being put together by the US Government and others!

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